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Multiflora Rose

Publication Number: P3280
View as PDF: P3280.pdf

Problem

Multiflora rose or Japanese rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr.) [Syn. Rosa cathayensis (Rehd. & Wilson) Bailey] is a shrub native to Japan and Korea. It was introduced into the U.S. in 1868. It has been used for “living fences” and wildlife habitats.

It can be problematic in all Midsouth states, especially in pastures. Once established, multiflora rose is difficult to control. In pastures, it can significantly reduce the area available for grazing as livestock avoid the sharp prickles.

The four common escaped roses are Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.), McCartney rose (Rosa bracteata Wendland), memorial rose (Rosa wichuraiana Crepin), and multiflora rose.

Regulations

Multiflora rose is noxious in Alabama, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, and it is banned or prohibited in other states.

Description

Vegetative Growth

Multiflora rose is an erect, arching, deciduous shrub that can reach 15 feet high by 15 feet wide, but it is usually much smaller. Stems and leaves have short, recurved prickles. Leaves are alternate and odd-pinnate with seven to nine leaflets (Figure 1). Leaflets tend to be hairless above and hairy beneath. Each leaflet is obovate to elliptic, 0.5 to 2 inches long by 0.5 to just over 1 inch wide. Leaf margins are generally serrate.

Other roses are often confused with multiflora. Memorial rose foliage most closely resembles multiflora rose, but Cherokee and McCartney rose foliage is quite different (Figure 2).

Flowering

Flowers are clustered (Figure 1) with bracts (leaflike structures) that fall off at flowering. Flowering occurs May to June and then sparingly from September to October. Flowers have five smooth to hairy, lance-shaped, white petals that are 1.5 to 2.5 inches long. The hip (fruit) is green, then red at maturity, ellipsoid to ovoid in shape, and ¼-inch long.

Hips of multiflora rose occur in clusters, compared to solitary hips of Cherokee and McCartney roses (Figure 3). Inside the hips are typically seven achenes (true fruit that contain a seed), which are about 0.1 inch long and densely pubescent.

Close-up of white flower clusters and green foliage.
Figure 1. Multiflora rose flower clusters and foliage.
Three stems of roses commonly misidentified as multiflora rose. Memorial rose has multiple round leaflets shaped like those of multiflora, but it is a running rose that crawls along the ground or climbs adjacent objects and typically has pink flowers. McCartney rose also has multiple leaflets, like both multiflora and memorial, but they are usually much smaller. Leaflets on Cherokee rose are distinctly different than those on memorial, McCartney, or multiflora roses, as the leaflets are typically two to three times longer than wide. Vines of all have thorns.
Figure 2. Stems of roses often misidentified as multiflora rose.
Comparison of the fruit, also known as hips, of multiflora, Cherokee, and McCartney roses. Multiflora rose produces clusters of smooth, ¼-inch-diameter fruits from the cluster of flowers. Fruits turn red when mature. Cherokee rose has singular, oval-shaped, yellowish fruits, which are larger than multiflora fruits and covered with dark prickles. McCartney rose has single, spherical, reddish fruits, which feel fuzzy because they are covered with short, soft hairs.
Figure 3. Hips (fruit) of multiflora, Cherokee, and McCartney roses.

Dispersal

Individual plants may produce up to 500,000 seeds (or achenes) per year. Most seedlings emerge near the parent plant. However, many species of birds and mammals feed on the hips, widely dispersing the seeds. Despite this dispersal mechanism, wildlife food value is low to minor.

Stems that come into contact with soil can root. The impact of its use as a rootstock for cultivated roses upon its spread in the U.S. is not clear. Its use for ornament, wildlife, and hedges has most likely been the primary path of invasion in much of the U.S.

Multiflora rose is spread primarily by humans, birds, and mammals.

Habitat

Multiflora rose is a problem in pastures, fence rows, prairies, forest and roadside margins, and open woodlands. It can form dense thickets, replacing native vegetation. These thickets may provide habitat for certain wildlife.

Distribution

United States

Multiflora rose is widespread in the United States but apparently not escaped in some western plains and Rocky Mountain states. It occurs in states along the West Coast and from Minnesota to New Mexico east. It also occurs in most eastern states.

Midsouth

Multiflora rose has escaped in all Midsouth states.

Control Methods

Biological

There are no effective biological control methods for multiflora rose. While there may be occasional browsing, thorns deter animal grazing.

Cultural

There are no effective cultural control methods for multiflora rose.

Mechanical

Roses are generally shallow-rooted and can be easily uprooted by bulldozing. Uprooted plants should be destroyed by burning.

Chemical

There are several chemical control options for multiflora rose (Table 1). While most are applied to foliage, some can be applied to the soil around plants. Refer to the product label to determine the rate that can be applied for rose control as well as application sites. Herbicide treatments should be applied when environmental conditions are favorable for plant growth and after leaves have fully expanded.

Nonionic surfactant at 1 quart per 100 gallons spray solution should be used with foliar treatments. Soil-applied treatments must have rainfall to activate the herbicide. Rose response to soil-applied herbicides is longer than that of foliar treatments because soil-applied herbicides must be absorbed through the roots. Aminocyclopyrachlor, hexazinone, imazapyr, and picloram herbicides are more active in soil compared to other products, and these may provide superior residual control of new plants from seed in the soil seedbank.

Table 1. Chemical control for multiflora rose.

Herbicide

Concentration

Trade Name

Method

aminocyclopyrachlor + metsulfuron

52.1%

Streamline

foliar

aminocyclopyrachlor +

imazapyr + metsulfuron

61.7%

Viewpoint

foliar or soil

aminopyralid + metsulfuron

71.6%

Chaparral, Opensight

foliar

dicamba

4 lb ae/gal

Banvel, Clarity, Diablo, Rifle, Vanquish, etc.

foliar

dicamba + 2,4-d

1 + 2.87 lb ae/gal

Brash, Weedmaster, etc.

foliar

glyphosate

3 lb ae/gal

Roundup, Accord, etc.

foliar

glyphosate + imazapyr

1.5 + 0.6 lb ae/gal

OneStep

foliar

hexazinone

2 lb/gal

Velpar, Hexar, etc.

foliar or soil

imazapyr

2 lb ae/gal

Arsenal, Chopper, Ecomazapyr, Polaris, etc.

foliar or soil

imazapyr + metsulfuron

72.7%

Lineage Clearstand

foliar

imazapyr + metsulfuron + sulfometuron

74%

LineagePrep

foliar or soil

metsulfuron

60DF

Escort, Cimarron,

MSM, etc.

foliar

metsulfuron + dicamba + 2,4-d

60% with 1 + 2.87 lb ae/gal

Cimarron Max

foliar

metsulfuron + nicosulfuron

71.2%

Pastora

foliar

picloram

2 lb ae/gal

Tordon

foliar or soil

picloram + 2,4-d

0.54 + 2 lb ae/gal

Grazon P+D, Gunslinger, Hirehand, Trooper, Tordon 101, etc.

foliar

picloram + fluroxypry

0.67 + 0.67 lb ae/gal

Surmount

foliar

triclopyr

4 lb ae/gal

Garlon, Remedy,

Trycera, etc.

foliar

triclopyr + fluroxypyr

1.5 + 1 lb ae/gal

Pasturegard

foliar

References

Dirr, M. A. (1998). Manual of woody landscape plants: Their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation, and uses (5th ed.). Champaign, IL: Stipes Publishing LLC.

Miller, J. H. (2003). Nonnative invasive plants of southern forests: A field guide for identification and control. Asheville, NC: Southern Research Station.

USDA, NRCS. (2007). The PLANTS Database, 6 August 2007 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

The information given here is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products, trade names, or suppliers are made with the understanding that no endorsement is implied and that no discrimination against other products or suppliers is intended.


Publication 3280 (POD-11-21)

By John D. Byrd Jr., PhD, Extension/Research Professor, and Victor Maddox, PhD, Senior Research Associate, Plant and Soil Sciences.

Department: Plant and Soil Sciences
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Authors

Portrait of Dr. John D. Byrd, Jr.
Extension/Research Professor
Weed Scientist/Weed Control - Agronomic and Horticultural Crops and noncropland

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